Carbonyl Compounds Reactions, Aldehyde Reactions, Ketone Reactions - Organic Chemistry
In this video we go through the 6 Must-Know Aldehyde reactions and 4 Must-Know Ketone reactions.
Must-Know Aldehyde Reactions
1. Oxidation of aldehye to form carboxylic acid using potassium manganate (VII) or potassium dichromate (VI) in dilute sulphuric acid, heat or reflux
2. Reduction of aldehyde to primary alcohol using one of the following reagents and conditions:
a. aqueous sodium boron hydride at room temperature
b. hydrogen in platinium catalyst, heat
c. lithium aluminium hydride in dry ether followed by water at room temperature
3. Nucleophilic addition of aldehydes to form cyanohydrin using HCN (reagent not mentioned in video and screenshot) in trace NaOH or trace NaCN at 10 to 20 degree celsius.
4. Condensation with 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine or 2,4-DNPH at room temperature to form orange precipitate
5. Mild oxidation of aldehyde with Fehling's Solution, warm, to form reddish brown precipitate
6. Mild oxidation of aldehyde with Tollen's Reagent, warm to form silver mirror
Must-Know Ketone Reactions
1. Reduction of ketone to secondary alcohol using one of the following reagents and conditions:
a. aqueous sodium boron hydride at room temperature
b. hydrogen in platinium catalyst, heat
c. lithium aluminium hydride in dry ether followed by water at room temperature
2. Nucleophilic addition of ketones to form cyanohydrin using HCN (reagent not mentioned in video and screenshot) in trace NaOH or trace NaCN at 10 to 20 degree celsius.
3. Condensation of ketones with 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine or 2,4-DNPH at room temperature to form orange precipitate
Memorising the reagents and conditions for these carbonyl compound reactions is an integral part of Organic Chemistry, so I've added a short memory test.
Let's see if you can remember all of them!
Aldehyde Concept Map
Ketone Concept Map
Download free Organic Chemistry concept maps here!
Topic: Carbonyl Compounds, Organic Chemistry, A Level Chemistry, Singapore
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