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Ideal Gas Law and Applications

In the topic of Gaseous State we have a few types of calculation questions that require manipulation of the Ideal Gas equation into various forms for easy application.

In a previous video we have discussed how to use Ideal Gas equation in graph sketching.

Before we do that let's do a recap on the Ideal Gas Equation, PV = nRT.

ideal gas law applications pvnrt

where:
P is pressure in Pa,
V is volume in m³,
n is moles of gas,
R is gas constant 8.31 J K^-1 mol^-1, and
T is temperature in K.

When we are using the ideal gas equation itself, remember that all the terms have to be in SI units.

Let's move on to the 3 applications that we will be discussing:

1. Boyle's Law at Constant Temperature

Usually the question will give us a fixed mass of gas hence moles of gas will be constant.

There will be a before scenario where pressure and volume are given, and when the pressure (or volume) changes at constant temperature, we are required to determine the new volume (or pressure) in the after scenario.

We can start with the Ideal Gas equation and write out the variable terms on the left hand side of equation and put the constant terms on the right hand side of equation.

ideal gas law applications Boyles Law at constant temperature

In this case at constant temp, PV is a constant hence P₁V₁ = P₂V₂, where P₁ and V₁ are the pressure and volume in Scenario 1 and P₂ and V₂ are the pressure and volume in Scenario 2.

Usually there is only 1 unknown and we can use the equation to solve for that unknown.

2. Charle's Law at Constant Pressure

We can do a similar rearrangement of the Ideal Gas equation given pressure is a constant.

ideal gas law applications Charles Law at constant pressure

Then we can use V₁ / T₁ = V₂ / T₂ to solve for an unknown volume or temperature for a before-and-after scenario type of question.

3. Determine Final Pressure on Mixing 2 Gases at Constant Temperature

Sometimes two different non-reacting gases are mixed and we are required to determine the final pressure.

ideal gas law applications determine final pressure on mixing 2 gases at constant temperature question

The formula is not difficult to derive so let's go through that here.

When 2 gases are mixed, the total number of moles is just the summation of moles of the first gas and the moles of the second gas, ie:

n_T = n₁ + n₂

ideal gas law applications derive PtVt equal P1V1 plus P2V2

We can write moles with respect to the other terms in Ideal Gas equation and do some rearrangement to get the final equation that is very simple to apply, ie:

P_TV_T = P₁V₁ + P₂V₂

We can use the equation to solve for this simple exercise to determine the final pressure to be 3 atm.

ideal gas law applications determine final pressure on mixing 2 gases at constant temperature solution

For the detailed step-by-step discussion on applications of Ideal Gas equation, check out this video!

Topic: Gaseous State, Physical Chemistry, A Level Chemistry, Singapore

Back to other previous Physical Chemistry Video Lessons.

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